What Is the Cingulate Gyrus

Gyrus is a fold or bulge in the brain. The cingulate gyrus is the curved fold covering the corpus callosum. A component of the limbic system, it is involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation. It also helps to regulate autonomic motor function. For purposes of study and medical diagnosis, the cingulate gyrus is divided into anterior and posterior segments. Damage to the cingulate gyrus may result in  cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Functions Coordinates Sensory Input With EmotionsEmotional Responses to PainRegulates Aggressive BehaviorCommunicationMaternal BondingLanguage ExpressionDecision Making The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in a number of functions including emotional processing and vocalization of emotions. It has connections with speech and vocalization areas in the frontal lobes including Brocas area, which controls motor functions involved with speech production. The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in emotional bonding and attachment, particularly between mother and child. This bonding happens as frequent vocalization takes place between mothers and their infants.  Not coincidentally, the anterior cingulate gyrus also has connections with the amygdala, the brain structure which processes emotions and relates them to particular events, thus also facilitating the bonding process. The anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala work together to form fear conditioning and memory association with sensory information received from the thalamus as well. Another limbic system structure, the hippocampus, also has connections to the anterior cingulate gyrus, playing a key role in memory formation and storage. Collaboration between the anterior cingulate gyrus and the hypothalamus allow physiologic controls such as regulation of endocrine hormone release and autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system. These changes occur when we experience emotions such as fear, anger, or excitement. Some of these functions include heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure regulation. Another important  function of the anterior cingulate gyrus is to aid in the decision-making process. It does so by detecting errors and monitoring negative outcomes. This function helps us in planning appropriate actions and responses. The posterior cingulate gyrus plays a role in spatial memory which involves the ability to process information regarding the spatial orientation of objects in an environment. Connections with the parietal lobes and temporal lobes enable the posterior cingulate gyrus to influence functions related to movement, spatial orientation, and navigation. Connections with the midbrain and spinal cord allow the posterior cingulate gyrus to relay nerve signals between the spinal cord and brain. Location Directionally, the cingulate gyrus is superior to the corpus callosum. It is  located between the cingulate sulcus  (groove or indentation) and the sulcus of the corpus callosum. Cingulate Gyrus Dysfunction Emotional and behavioral disorders relating to the cingulate gyrus include depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Cingulate gyrus dysfunction has also been linked to attention deficit disorders, schizophrenia, psychiatric disorders, and autism. Individuals with an improperly functioning cingulate gyrus often have problems communicating and dealing with changing situations. Under such conditions, they may become angry or easily frustrated and have emotional or violent outbursts. Physiologically, individuals may experience chronic pain or display addictive behaviors such as drug or alcohol abuse and eating disorders.

Peoples Exposure to Diversity and How This Affects Their...

To conduct my research I am first going to decide the purpose of my survey, which is to gain knowledge of peoples exposure to diversity and how that effects there social interactions on campus. I will then decide on the question I will ask and the type of question I will choose to use. For my particular choice of research I will chose to do a combination of open end and multiple choice questions. I choose the combination of the two because I would like to be able to get a more personal response and allow respondents to express their with the use of the open end questions, and having multiple choice questions just to get a view on how they feel about specific topics. To help strength my multiple choice answers I will use the lickert Scale because the structure will give my participants realistic answers to my question but not necessarily put words in their mouth. I will then decide what to ask in my survey that will give me the answers to my research question. When coming up with the question I must avoid putting my opinion in the questions and make sure in my questions the answer that I am trying to discover is clear. After coming up with the open end and multiple choice questions, I will then decide the population that I am going to conduct my research on. After choosing my population I will pick a large sample group that I will choose to represent my population. After choosing my sample group I will conduct my survey in the Kutztown University DMZ because it is aShow MoreRelatedCore Competencies For Entering Medical Students1658 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the AAMC Core Competencies for entering medical students involves cultural competence: Demonstrates knowledge of socio-cultural factors that affect interactions and behaviors; shows an appreciation and respect for multiple dimensions of diversity; recognizes and acts on the obligation to inform one s own judgment; engages diverse and competing perspectives as a resource for learning, citizenship, and work; recognizes and appropriately addresses bias in themselves and others; interacts effectivelyRead MoreHlsc1201844 Words   |  8 PagesPlea se  check  your  campus  unit  outline Unit  Outline: Learning  outcomes Assessment Content   Group  introduction  and  activity Assessment tasks Assessment Task Word length   Weight (or  equiv) Teamwork: Student  Seminar 20†25  mins 20% Written  Exam 2,000   words 40% Reflective  Writing  Assignment 1,750 words 40% 1 2/17/2016 Topics for Today †¢ A  sociological  approach  and  the  sociological  imagination †¢ Biomedical  model †¢ Globalisation  and  health After this sessionRead MoreConsumer Behavior Study Notes7882 Words   |  32 PagesConsumer Behaviour: the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires. 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So, we have the same opinion that this fruitful report not only assure reasonable grade mark in our curriculum result but also assure well done feedback for near future job market. 1.2 Objective of the study: Knowledge and learning become perfect when it is associated with theoretical knowledge with practical application. Theoretical knowledge gets its perfection with practical application. We have prepared this report based on two purposes. That are- 1.2.1 Primary ObjectiveRead MoreHr Practice of Unilever Bangladesh9716 Words   |  39 Pagesfor future job market. So, we have the same opinion that this fruitful report not only assure reasonable grade mark in our curriculum result but also assure well done feedback for near future job market. 1.2 Objective of the study: Knowledge and learning become perfect when it is associated with theoretical knowledge with practical application. Theoretical knowledge gets its perfection with practical application. 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Jamaica Essay Example For Students

Jamaica Essay Close your eyes and picture a beautiful sunset meeting far away on theshimmering clear blue water in front of you. You feel a cool breeze and a hotsun against your skin and the feeling of the warm sand beneath your feet. Youwalk forward and feel the refreshing water wet your legs and you are tickled asa school of tropical fish passes you by. You spot the palm trees and wild plantsoff the shore. Are you in an unreal paradise? Yes I have. It is Jamaica. Geographical Location Jamaica is blessed with superb geographical location andresources that makes it a great vacation spot. It is an island country south ofCuba and north of South America. So you must fly or sail there. Its shortdistance from the United States makes it a short distance from here and that isgreat for fliers. It is probably a four -hour flight. Jamaica is only about 17degrees above the equator so it is very warm all year round. (Grab yoursunglasses and tanning oil!) Land and Resources Everyone sees the commercialsfor the white-sanded beaches and the clear blue water but Jamaicas terrain ismountainous except for those several tracts of lowlands that you see on TV. Infact Blue Mountains, that is the highest mountain in Jamaica, is 7402 ft. Thereare many smaller mountains with many traverse spurs that extend west to theextremity of the island making a gigantic plateau. So if you plan on going toJamaica you had better think of bringing your hiking boots. Lead and Saltdepo sits can be found on the island and rich soils can be found on the coastalplains. The island is also equipped with excellent natural harbors, includingthose at Kingston, Saint Anns Bay, Montego Bay, and Port Maria. There is novolcanic activity in Jamaica but it is subject to severe earthquakes. Plants andAnimals Jamaica is filled with luxurious and diverse vegetation. More than 200species have been identified. The indigenous tree include such as the cedar,mahogany, rosewood, ebony, coconut palm, and pimento. Introduced varieties suchas the mango, breadfruit, banana, and plantain also flourish the island. Jamaican animal life generally includes highly diverse bird life. This groupincludes Parrots, hummingbirds, cuckoos, and green todies. No large four-leggedanimals or venomous reptiles exist there. Culture Jamaica is not only blessedwith great plenty of natural wonders but its people and their culture areprobably its greatest resource, and that is what draws the people to theisland. Jamaicas great dependency on Great Britain form the past 300 yearsshows in the language they speak and in their customs, which are combined withAfrican influences. Bob Marley, Jimmy Cliff, made Reggae, a distinctivelysyncopated style of Jamaican music popular in the 20th century. It was a greatinfluence on rock in the middle of the 80s, especially in Britain. GovernmentThe Jamaica constitution, promulgated in 1962, established a parliamentarysystem of government patterned after that of Great Britain. The Prime Ministeris the head of the government. The British monarch is the head of the state andis represe nted by a governor general, who is appointed on the advice of thePrime Minister. There is an Executive branch, a Legislative branch, and aJudiciary branch. Their government is quite like ours. The Prime Minister has alot of power, kind of like our president. Jamaica has two political parties. ThePeoples National Party (PNP) is one. It is socialist in orientation. The otheris the Jamaica Labour Group (JLP) which supports free enterprise in a mixedeconomy. A minor party is the Jamaica American Party, which favors U.S. .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 , .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .postImageUrl , .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 , .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:hover , .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:visited , .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:active { border:0!important; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:active , .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996 .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud25690924af1abf5889eea6c38e27996:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Rights Movement Essaystatehood for Jamaica. Language and Religion In Jamaica, the principle languagespoken by the people is English. It is spoken with a local dialect that includesAfrican, Spanish, and French elements. Christianity is the main religionpracticed in Jamaica. Other religious groups are Baptists, Anglicans,Seventh-day Adventists, Pentecostalists, and Roman Catholic. In addition severalJewish, Muslim, and Hindu communities exist. A number of popular groups, such asPocomania and Rastafarianism, are significant and famous in the Jamaicanreligious life. History Members of the Arawak tribe were the aboriginalinhabitants of the island. They named it Xaymaca. C hristopher Columbus sightedthe island during his second voyage, and Xaymaca became a Spanish Colony in1509. The Arawak quickly died out due to disease and harsh treatment. Africanslaves were imported to overcome the resultant labor shortage. An English navalforce under Sir William Penn captured Jamaica in 1655. The island was formallytransferred to England in 1670 after the Treaty of Madrid. During the finaldecades of the 17th century, great numbers of English immigrants arrived; thesugar, cacao, and other agricultural and forest industries were rapidlyexpanded, and the great demand for plantation labor led to enormous amounts ofslaves to be brought in. In 1682 Port Royal, the chief Jamaican slave market,was destroyed by and earthquake. Kingston was soon established and Parliamentabolished slavery on August 1, 1838. Large numbers of freed blacks abandoned theplantations following emancipation and took possession of occupied lands,gravely disrupting the economy. Labor shortages bankr upt plantations, anddeclining trade resulted in a delayed economic crisis. Jamaica was made a crowncolony thus losing the large degree of self-government it had since the late17th century. Representative government was partly restored in 1884. Jamaicagained Independence when it united with the Federation of the West Indies. ThePNP won large parliamentary majority in 1989, returning Manley to power. Heintroduced moderate free-market policies before resigning in March 1992 becauseof poor health. Percival J. Patterson, his successor as Prime Minister and PNPleader, easily won reelection a year later. Jamaica is a jewel. It is a greatplace with great people, and you can go there and see the beautiful beaches andswim in the beautiful clear blue water, or go hiking in the mountains, or listento a band play on the street, or go sightseeing in the beautiful cities. Theyhave great culture, and a unique style of living.

Julius Caesar †Mark Antony Essay Summary Example For Students

Julius Caesar – Mark Antony Essay Summary Julius Caesar Mark Antony Mark AntonyThe character of Mark Antony from Shakespeares play Julius Caesarmay be viewed as simply the confident and devoted supporter of JuliusCaesar.On the contrary, Antony presents the qualities of a shrewd flatterer, aruthless tyrant, as well as a loyal follower.Antonys characteristics willchange as the play progresses.He will begin using flattery to get what hewants, but he will eventually depend on his powerful relentlessness. Furthermore, Antony uses these various attributes to make him successful. Throughout the play, Antony uses flattering to achieve his goals. Following the assassination of Caesar, Antony quickly grasps that he mustdeal with Brutus, and he has the shrewdness to take advantage of Brutussgullibility.Antony has his servant say, Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, andhonest (III i 126).From this point, it is clear that Antony intends to flatterBrutus and to work upon those personal qualities of Brutus which representhis fundamental weaknesses.Antony then comes to the Capitol where hefurther flatters the conspirators by shaking their hands and saying, Friendsam I with you all, and love you all (III i 220).This act symbolizes thatAntony has made a new friendship with the conspirators, but in reality, he isplotting to seek revenge so he can take over Rome.Antony is also able toflatter the vast angry crowd in order to get his way.He is first able to get thecrowd to feel sorry for him.This feeling is evident when the second plebeiansays, Poor soul, his eyes are red as fi re with weeping (III ii 116).Antony isthen able to turn the people in the crowd against Brutus by teasing them withCaesars will.Antony says, And being men, hearing the will of Caesar, itwill inflame you, it will make you mad (III ii 144-145).This blandishmentprovokes an immediate response of the crowd demanding that Antony readCaesars will.Although Antony uses flattery to get what he wants, he willalso show respect for others with his devotion and loyalty. One of the most significant characteristics of Mark Antony is hisstrong, affectionate loyalty to Julius Caesar.Antonys devotion to Caesarextends beyond a simple friendship, but politically as well.This fact is bestrecognized when he offers Caesar the crown of Rome three times in thebeginning of the play.This act shows that Antony is dedicated to Caesarbecause he is quite willing to serve under the rule of an ambitious tyrant. Immediately following the assassination of Caesar, Antony acts as though heis a friend of the conspirators.On the contrary, he is secretly plotting to gethis revenge on all of the assassins.Antony later reveals his true feelings in awholehearted soliloquy before the bloody cadaver of Caesar, Thou art theruins of the noblest man that ever lived in the tide of times (III i 256-257). Antony believes that Caesar was the most imposing man ever to livethroughout the course of history.To prove his loyalty, Antony gives aconfident and persuasive speech at Caesars funera l despite an extremedanger on his own life.First, Antony expresses his sadness and grief over thedeath of his distinguished friend.However, as the speech progresses,Antonys emotions transform into extreme anger towards the conspiratorswhen he says to the crowd, Look you here, here is himself/Marred as yousee with traitors (III ii 197-198).The people in the crowd were so movedby his speech that they were willing to go to war against the conspirators.Bystarting this civil war, Antony again risks his own life to get revenge on theassassins of Caesar.Antony realizes that loyalty is an advantageous qualityfor a person to possess.He emphasizes this speculation when he does not killLucilius, the officer to Brutus who stoically risked his own life to save hismaster.Antony says of Lucilius, This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assureyou, a prize no less in worth(V iiii 26-27).Realizing the value of havingloyal followers, Antony orders that Lucilius be protected.Eventually,Antonys loyalty will change into an envy of Caesars ambition and he willfollow the path of the ruthless tyrant. .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 , .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .postImageUrl , .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 , .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:hover , .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:visited , .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:active { border:0!important; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:active , .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1 .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92a6cd2b19b78a0fd425526b96b127f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder EssayAs the play progresses, Antony develops a ruthless state of mind.Heforms into a relentless tyrant much like Caesar was before his death.Cassiusprobably describes him best as a shrewd contriver.Antony first shows hisfierceness in his speech at Caesars funeral.He speaks of the conspiratorssarcastically calling them honorable men.He enrages the people of thecrowd by convincing them that Caesars assassination was morally wrong andthe conspirators are traitors.By his powerful speech, Antony has createdcivil war in Rome and he has no concern for the welfare of the citizens whowill suffer in the strife.Antony again shows his ruthlessness when hecondemns his own nephew to death by saying, He shall not live; look, with aspot I damn him (IV i 6).The way in which Antony says these words showhis unrelenting mind.Antony is willing to ignore all ethical and moralconsiderations in order to concentrate on political practicality and expedience. Also, the way Antony regards Lepidus as a slight man without merit furthershows his relentlessness.Antony uses Lepidus essentially to run errands andhe intends to eventually append Lepidus powers to his own.At Phillipi,Antony shows his ruthless nature when he immediately attacks after Brutusleft Cassiuss army exposed.As a consequence, it is because of Antonysruthless state of mind that he is successful. In conclusion, Mark Antony is more than a simple follower of JuliusCaesar.Antony is a shrewd flatterer, a ruthless tyrant, as well as a loyalsupporter of Caesar.He is able to manipulate Brutus using flattery. Furthermore, he is able to get what he wants with his ruthless state of mind. In summary, Antony is able to use his various qualities to make himsuccessful.